Compulsory English–II (1424)
Level: Bachelor
Semester, Autumn 2019
Passing Marks (Assignment 1): 40 Assignment No. 1
(Unit 1-4)
The following question are based on Unit-1. Read the unit carefully and answer the question/solve the exercises given below
Q.1 Read pages 1-14 carefully (the content is related to “academic writing” and various types of “essays”) and briefly answer the following questions (in your own words).
a. What is comparison easy? How it is different than other types of essays? b. How would you define an “academic writing”? What are the essential
characteristics of “academic writing”? c. Define “narrative essay”. How it is different than other types of essays?
Provide one brief example of narrative essay.
Answer:-
a. Comparison Essay
Comparison essay consists on details which we get form comparison of two things which are attached or linked with each other. We cannot compare the things which are quiet different and has no link. In this kind of essay matter consist of two elements which are comparing. We note down their equalities and differences. For examples Prints & Electronic media, merits & demerits of internet etc.
b. Academic Writing and its essential
An essay is a piece of writing that generally shows the writer's point of view on a particular subject. An essay discusses, describes or analyses one topic. It can range in length from one paragraph to more. It can be about anything, and written in almost any style. It can be serious or funny, analytical or argumentative.
It can describe personal opinions, or just report information. Learning to write academic essays will take time and practice.
Essay writing is the most essential part of the academic process and essays are the backbone of your writing.
Writing an academic essay can be a daunting task, but do not be discouraged. If you are organized and follow the guidelines that we are giving you in this unit and all the forthcoming units, writing an essay will pose no problem for you whatsoever.
Your reason for writing an essay may be a college or university assignment, whatever your purpose or topic, the basic essay outline does not change. All essays are always constructed in the same way irrespective of whether the main point of the essay is to express an opinion or whether the main point is to lay out the method of doing something, (process) or to compare and contrast two or more things. Every essay has an introduction, middle or body (paragraphs) and a conclusion.
c. Narrative Essay:
The narrative essay tells a story. Generally, the narrative essay is conversational in style, and tells of a personal experience. It is most commonly written in the first person. This essay could describe a single event, or simple a mundane daily experience.
Complexity: Written language is relatively more complex than spoken language. Written language has longer words, it is lexically denser and it has a more varied vocabulary. It uses more noun-based phrases than verb-based phrases. Written texts are shorter and the language has more grammatical complexity, including more subordinate clauses and more passives.
Formality: Academic writing is relatively formal. In general this means that in an essay you should avoid colloquial words and expressions.
Precision: In academic writing, facts and figures are given precisely.
Objectivity: Written language is in general objective rather than personal. It therefore has fewer words that refer to the writer or the reader. This means that the main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the
arguments you want to make, rather than you. For that reason, academic writing tends to use nouns (and adjectives), rather than verbs (and adverbs).
Explicitness: Academic writing is explicit about the relationships into he text. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related. These connections can be made explicit by the use of different signaling words.
Accuracy: Academic writing uses vocabulary accurately. Most subjects have words with narrow specific meanings. Linguistics distinguishes clearly between "phonetics" and "phonemics"; General English does not.
Hedging: In any kind of academic writing you do, it is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject, or the strength of the claims you are making. Different subjects prefer to do this in different ways. A technique common in certain kinds of academic writing is known by linguists as a ‘hedge’.
Responsibility: In academic writing you must be responsible for, and must be able to provide evidence and justification for, any claims you make. You are also responsible for demonstrating an understanding of any source texts you use.
Organization: Academic writing is well organized. It flows easily from one section to the next in a logical fashion. A good place to start is the genre of your text. Once you have decided on the genre, the structure is easily determined.
Planning: Academic writing is well planned. It usually takes place after research and evaluation, according to a specific purpose and plan.
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Q.2 Read pages 24-30 carefully (the content is about various parts of an academic essay) and write an academic essay (of about 150 words) on “My Favorite Hobby”.
Answer:- My Favourite Hobby
Computer is the most wonderful and beneficial invention of this era. It is applicable in every business, Office, educational field, medical, engineering, fashion and almost every field of life. No future can be planned without it. It is necessary part of one’s life now days. I am very fond of this machine. I want to be a computer expert. It is not only my hobby but my passion too. It is the only hobby which provides all information’s about itself and one become aware how
to proceed next. It made life easier. Banking, defense, business, ledgers, vouchers, booklet, designing, publishing is not possible without it. I spend most of time offer my studies, on it. I get tutorial information’s about its programming from it. I attempt different skills on it like composing, accounting, Photoshop and many more. I love internet surfing. I always keep visiting website and awarded with new world. Sometime when my mind get tired. I go to entertainment sites and became rehashed. It’s a world itself, which keep connected and sometime captured in its world.
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Q.3 Read pages 31-34 carefully (the content is about formal and informal styles of writing) and decide what type of writing style (formal/informal) is used in the following text and how?
The passengers are hereby advised not to accept anything edible (food items) from their co-passengers. Moreover. They are advised to take care of their valuables and luggage. The company will not accept any responsibility in this regard.
Answer:-
The following paragraph is a formal style of writing. Because in this paragraph the writer uses formal writing style that adopts a formal tone and use of the third person rather than first person. The writer clear focuses on the issue or topic. Precise word choice etc.
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The following question are based on Unit-2. Read the unit carefully and answer the question/solve the exercises given below
Q.4 Carefully read the text titled as “Chronology of the Mughal Kings” on pages 51-52 carefully?
Now write down a narrative essay about Mughal kings by using appropriate markers in your answer.
Answer:-
First, the Mughul Empire started its long reign in 1526 which lasted until 1857. Babur was a descendant of Genghis Khan and Taimur. In 1526, Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodhi at Pain- pat. In 1530 Babur died and his son Humayun becomes new ruler of Mughul Empire. After that in 1540 Afghan leader Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun and occupied the empire. But Humayun was not discouraged; he regained his power and reacquired Delhi in 155. Humayun met with his death in 1556. His son Akbar was too young at the time but he was crowned as next emperor with no choice. He successfully ruled at the state till 1605. Then his son Jahangir was the new king after his death. Then in 1617 revolt broke out in the southern states of the empire. Jahangir sent his son Khurram to pacify them. Khurram succeeded in his mission and got the title of Shah Jahan. Jahangir died in 1627 and Shah Jahan became new king. In 1631 his beloved queen Mamtaz Mahal died during child birth and he commissioned the most beautiful tomb of love for his wife. In 1658 Shah Jahan's son Aurangzeb occupied the throne executed his brothers and imprisoned his father. At last Shah Jahan died in 1666. Aurangzeb ruled on empire till his death in 1707. Lastly, in 1857 weak Mughul empire came to its end, the mutiny resulted in massacre of people of Delhi and India became a British colony. Finally, in 1862 the last Mughul emperor Bahadur Shah (Zafar) died. A glorious empire of Mughul came to a tragic end.
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Q.5 Read the text titled as “A Day in the Life of a Nurse” on pages 56-57 carefully also read Exercise-9 given on page 58.
Now write down a PARAGRAPH of about 150 words on “A Day in the Life of a village post man”. Follow the use of SEQUENCE MARKERS in your answer.
Answer:-
Jamal Din is a village postman. He always arrives in his post office sharp 7:00 am. He makes his attendance first of all and then goes to the post master’s office to collect his daily mail. Afterwards he goes to his seat so that he could separate mail according area. He starts to do the job; in meanwhile he takes his tea. After about one hour struggle he arranged mail area wise. Because it is a big village and he is the only postman of his village, he divides the mail in two parts. He takes first part of his mail and leaves for work. He distributes the mail in areas of his first sequence. Then he comes back to office about 10’ o clock report the whole distribution in register. He takes his meal at 2”00 pm and
leaves again for mail distribution of other areas. He came back near 4:30 and again takes tea. He makes his exit report in register and leaves for home at evening.
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Q.6 Read the text titled as “the evolution of computer” give on pages 64-65 carefully. Now go to Page 66 and complete Exercise 12 as per directions given..
Answer:-
i. When did the first from of computers start?
Ans: It starts about 2000 years ago with name "abacus".
ii. In which year was high speed electronic computer built? And for how long this particular kind was in use?
Ans: The first high speed electronic computer "ENIAC" was built in 1942 and was used from 1946 to 1955.
iii. In which decade important discoveries were made?
Ans: In early 50's important discoveries were made.
iv. What was the major turning point and in which year?
Ans: The use of "LARC" machine was the turning point and it happened in 1960.
v. What happened during the 1970s and 1980s?
Ans: During 1970, single purpose computer and during 1980 personal computers were introduced which were cheap and better.
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The following question are based on Unit-3. Read the unit carefully and answer the question/solve the exercises given below
Q.7 Read the text given on pages 73-88 carefully and answers the following questions briefly:
a. What is classification? Provide example in favor of your answer.
b. Create a tree diagram illustrating various types of vehicles. Explain what
types of features have you used to classify these vehicles.
Answer:-
a. Classification
Classification is a writing technique that lists, groups or classifies things or ideas into categories. When we want to explain the relationship among a number of things, we classify them. Classification helps us understand complex subjects easily when they are broken down into smaller groups.
For example:
1. When we talk about spots, we categories different sports such as cricket,
hockey, football, baseball, swimming, etc. 2. Scientists organize rocks by the way they were formed, such as sedimentary
and volcanic. 3. Create a tree diagram illustrating various types of vehicles. Explain what
types of features have you used to classify these vehicles.
There are four classification of automobile.
1. Two wheeler: A two-wheeler is a vehicle that runs on two wheels. 2. Passenger Vehicles: Passenger cars are motor vehicles with at least four wheels, used for the transport of passengers, and comprising no more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat.
3. Commercial Vehicle: a vehicle used for carrying goods or fare-paying
passengers. 4. Three Wheeler: a vehicle with three wheels.
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Q.8 Read Exercise 9 given on Page 95 (which is about the classification of your class mates into four types). Now write a descriptive paragraph about your class fellow classifying them into various types of student.
Answer:-
I am the student of mass-communication. It is the vast department of our college. I have a big number of classmates, from different areas – some of them are really intelligent and some come here for just time passing. I can classified them in different categories.
Intelligent Students:-
This category of A class students which came here daily in time, attend their classes regularly made their notes and attend every exam and test these are the student who never face problems in study or exam.
Book Worms:-
This kind of students who only joint this department without knowledge or for their parents or relatives desire. They always are trying to understand this subject. Attend all classes and keep reading whole day. They only communicate other students when they want any help in study. After whole year struggle they face problems in end.
Optimistic Students:-
This kind of students came to college just for friends. They love gathering. They are fun loving and happy. Sometimes they attend classes too with their friends.
Pessimistic Students:-
These are the students. Who want to become alone. They hate noise and remain and remain separate from other. Sometimes these students are quarrelsome and nasty.
Time Passing Students:-
These are the student who came college just to pass the time. They have no concern with studies and no tension about result. They just come to make other student’s life here.
Students with no aim:-
Some kinds of students came to college with no aim. You can call them moody. They even don’t know themselves why they come to college. Often these students get red dots in their attendance.
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The following question are based on Unit-4. Read the unit carefully and answer the question/solve the exercises given below
Q.9 Read about “Cause and Effect” (as given on Pages 107-111) carefully and complete Exercise 6 (given on Page 120-121):
Answer:-
1. (Effect) He feels tired today. Why? (Reasons)
Cause 1: He has worked too hard.
Cause 2: He hasn't slept well last night.
2 (Effect) My car will not start. Why?
Cause 1: It has no fuel.
Cause 2: Its power wire is not working.
3. (Effect) The lawyers are on strike. Why?
Cause 1: They are raising the voice against government system.
Cause 2: They are fighting for their rights.
4. (Effect) The children did not go to school. Why?
Cause 1: It was raining heavily.
Cause 2: They couldn't find rickshaw for school.
5. (Effect) My mother is angry at me. Why?
Cause 1: I never eat properly.
Cause 2: I come back late to home at night.
6. (Effect) The 'D Watson Pharmacy' is a very successful business operation. Why?
Cause 1: It has big margin of profit.
Cause 2: Medicines have their expiry dates.
7. (Effect) The majority of students failed the history test which Professor Siraj gave yesterday. Why?
Cause 1: They did not attend the classes regularly.
Cause 2: The questions were strict for the students.
8. (Effect) Flight PK 306 was postponed for six hours. Why?
Cause 1: The weather was not suitable for fly.
Cause 2: Some technical problems are found in aero plane.
9. (Effect) My best grades are in science courses. Why?
Cause 1: I have keen interest in science subjects.
Cause 2: I attend the classes regularly.
10. (Effect) More and more forest plant life is being destroyed. Why?
Cause 1: The environment becomes so polluted.
Cause 2: The land is mostly using for residential purpose.
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Q.10 Read carefully the text titled as “why do cities grow?” (Given on pages 116-117) and write down five causes of growing urbanization and its effects.
Answer:-
There are several possible reasons why my grandfather is in excellent health, even though he is over eighty years, he is in excellent condition because he has a healthy routine. He eats well, never smokes, goes for regular walks, rests well and keeps himself busy as a result he remains fit and alert. His good health is also due to the fact that he never let negativity that is around us bother him consequently, his being in a positive state of mind and his optimism keeps him peaceful and calm. He has more energy as a result he does things that people at his age seldom think of doing. He is also in good physical shape and therefore people think of doing. He is also in good physical shape and therefore people think that he is in his sixties rather than in his eighties.
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Q.11 Read about “Cause and Effect (as given on Page 107-111) and complete the following sentences (follow the example).
Example: if she works hard, she is going to win the gold medal.
1. If the metro bus is late.....
2. If it rains tomorrow.......
3. If I go to Karachi.........
4. If Pakistan cricket team wins the cricket world up next time......
5. If I top my class this year.......
Answer:-
1. I can us local transport.
2. It will be holiday for students.
3. I will must visit soldier Bazaar.
4. The team will rule the world again.
5. It will be a gift for my parents. ☺☺☺☺☺☺
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